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Celebrating 60 years of India's freedom That blissful dawn, those ringing headlines Birth of India's Freedom", "Freedom Era Begins", "India Awakes to Life and Freedom", "Free India is Born", "India Independent"... These were the ringing headlines in top Indian newspapers capturing that history-making moment on the morning of Aug 15, 1947. As midnight revelry and frenzied rejoicing gripped the country, editors and reporters toiled well into the wee hours to record a newly born nation's "tryst with destiny".
"The entire Delhi kept awake to witness the historic event of ushering in the freedom of India at the hour of midnight," wrote a Times of India correspondent in its lead story headlined "Birth of India's Freedom". "Unprecedented scenes of enthusiasm were witnessed both inside and outside the constituent assembly chamber where seething swaying humanity wildly cheered the momentous event heralded with the blowing of conches," said the Times. Another report entitled "Frenzied Enthusiasm in Bombay" on the front page of The Times waxed lyrical about the spontaneous celebrations that enveloped that vibrant metropolis, bathed in a million lights and a million flags. "Bombay in the early hours of Friday morning was a pedestrians' paradise. Cars either drove on the pavements, if they got the right of way or were marooned there. Rejoicing crowds held the streets and all the traffic rules were ignored. Trams and buses were packed to doors, but carried passengers on their roofs. Everyone cheered as the spirit of the occasion spread infectiously. And few slept as bands blared and trumpets sounded in wild cacophony." More poetic flourishes followed. "A million lights over Bombay's public buildings made the Gateway of India a city of light and beauty." The Hindustan Times, riding on the high tide of patriotism, announced to the world "India Independent" and "New Star Rises in the East" on its front page. Its special supplement was soaked in tricolour and sported a photograph of Mahatma Gandhi with folded hands. In his lead article, "Journey's End, Beginning of Another," veteran editor Durga Das captured the sense of what it was to be alive in that dawn and singing the freedom song: "Freedom has dawned. "It has broken in upon us earlier than most Indians expected, much earlier than any Briton imagined. It is the greatest event in India's long and chequered history since it marks the end of the 1,000-year-old subjection to the rule of a succession of foreign conquerors," Das wrote. The Pioneer, in its lead story headlined "Freedom Era Begins", chose to highlight the historical significance of India's independence as marking the end of the mightiest empire the world has known. "Imperial Delhi, the graveyard of many an empire, India's city of destiny, coveted as capital seat by successive empire builders but retained by none for more than 200 years, 10 years before the allotted time, saw the end of one more empire, the mightiest the world has ever seen," said the paper. "One hundred and ninety years ago, Clive won the Battle of Plassey and laid the foundation of the British empire in India. Today that empire goes the way of all other empires, in the limbo of history." The Statesman had a rather dry matter of fact headline: "Inauguration of Two Dominions." The sense of national rejoicing that pervaded the newly free Indian people was clearly missing from this newspaper managed by British editors. The Aug 15 edition of The Statesman gave equal prominence to what Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India, said on that historic day with its editorial praising "Britain's sincerity and Lord Mountbatten's speed and skills". "Britain's sincerity, Lord Mountbatten's speed and skills and the ideals, statesmanship and eventual capacity for compromise of this country's leaders have made August 15 the greatest day in modern Indian history," said the editorial, rather blandly entitled "Independence Day". As one pores over Indian newspapers published on that historic day, one is awed by the idealism and high patriotism that permeated not only those who were chosen by history to lead the country's first government but also those who reported the momentous event. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's historic "Tryst With Destiny" speech delivered in the constituent assembly chamber and his emphasis on "incessant striving" found reflection and echoes in nearly all the newspapers with high-minded editorials toasting the spirit of independent India and special supplements carrying articles penned by stalwarts like Sri Aurobindo and Vallabhbhai Patel. There are also surprises in store for the diligent researcher. It was a revelation to find that The Hindu, published from Chennai, was the only Indian newspaper that did not carry the news of India's independence on its front page. It chose to stick to its traditional practice of carrying advertisements on the front page. The history-shifting event finally figured on page six! Besides Nehru's speech, The Hindu prominently highlighted President Rajendra Prasad's speech in which he assured the minorities that they would "receive a fair and just treatment". The message was clearly aimed at those Muslims who chose to stay in India after the creation of Pakistan. "They will enjoy all the rights and privileges of citizenship and will be expected in their turn to render loyalty to the country in which they live and to its inhabitants," said Rajendra Prasad. The Tribune, published from Lahore, gave equal prominence to the birth of two nations on its front page. On the top left side, the headline said, "India Wakes to Life and History" and on the right side was the story of "Birth of Pakistan: An Event in history.' But amid all that euphoria and sense of ringing in the new was the solitary anguished figure of Mahatma Gandhi, fasting and praying for sanity to return to the country after the bloody mayhem of partition. Nearly all papers carried the news of Mahatma's conscientious gesture in a small inset box on their front pages that sought to remind the country that the incessant striving to make the nation great, which Nehru spoke so eloquently about, had just begun.
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Recording that time up-close for posterity could not have been more exhilarating for those who pen the first drafts of history, as journalists do.
I can't go on, says Beckett's Unnamable. I will go on. A writer's injuries are his strengths, and from his wounds will flow his sweetest, most startling dreams.
And Proust, too, killing himself to write his book comes close to the concept of dharma when, echoing Balzac, he says that in the end it's less the desire for fame than 'the habit of laboriousness' that takes a writer to the end of a work. But dharma, as this ideal of truth to oneself, or living out the truth in oneself, can also be used to reconcile men to servitude and make them find in paralyzing obedience the highest spiritual good. 'And do thy duty, even if it be humble,' says the Aryan Gita,
'rather than another's, even it be great. To die on one's duty is life: to live in another' death.
My discovery over the years is that the mother tongues have so much in them, so much that is alive, and are much more pervasive, in all strata of society, in all ages from children to the very old, men and women, literate and non-literate. What holds them together? It's not Sanskrit. It's these mother tongues. I think I went into linguistics because of that. That spoken languages had to be very, very important. It was important in my youth to have discovered this.
Writing is a concentrated form of thinking. I don't know what I think about certain subjects, even today, until I sit down and try to write about them. Maybe I wanted to find more rigorous ways of thinking. We are talking now about the earliest writing I did and about the power of language to counteract the wallow of late adolescence, to define things, define muddled expression in economical ways. Let's not forget that writing is convenient. It requires the simplest tools. A young writer sees that with words and sentences on a piece of paper that costs less than a penny he can place himself more clearly in the world. Words on a page, that's all it takes to help him separate himself from the forces around him, streets and people and pressures and feelings. He learns to think about these things, to ride his own sentences into new perceptions.
Always dream and shoot higher than you know you can do. Don’t bother just to be better than your contemporaries or predecessors. Try to be better than yourself. An artist is a creature driven by daemons. He doesn’t know why they chose him and he is usually too busy to wonder why. He is completely amoral in that he will rob, borrow, beg, or steal from anybody and everybody to get the work done.
I am trembling with cold